networking
22 pages in this category.
urllib3
Package-level reference for urllib3 on PyPI — connection pooling, retries, TLS, version policy, and alternatives.
requests
Package-level reference for the requests HTTP client on PyPI — install variants, version policy, extras, and alternatives.
protobuf
Package-level reference for the protobuf package on PyPI — install, backend selection (upb / pure-Python / C++), .proto compilation, and gRPC integration.
idna
Package-level reference for idna on PyPI — IDNA2008 vs UTS46, encode/decode, install, integration with requests / urllib3, alternatives.
httpx
Package-level reference for httpx on PyPI — install variants, version policy, extras, transport options, and alternatives.
certifi
Package-level reference for certifi on PyPI — what the bundle contains, install, integration with requests / urllib3 / ssl, alternatives.
boto3
Package-level reference for boto3 on PyPI — install, sessions, clients vs resources, paginators, version policy, and alternatives.
anyio
Package-level reference for anyio on PyPI — install, version policy, task groups, cancel scopes, and the API that runs identically on asyncio and trio.
z/OS TCP/IP
Drive the z/OS Communications Server TCP/IP stack — NETSTAT variants, PING, TRACERTE, RESOLVE, PROFILE.TCPIP configuration, OMPROUTE, and SSH from z/OS UNIX, with end-to-end troubleshooting recipes.
z/OS FTP Reference
FTP from TSO, batch FTP via JCL, SITE parameters, transfer modes, FTPS, FTP.DATA configuration, and JES spool transfers.
xidel Web Scraping & Data Extraction
Extract data from HTML, XML, and JSON using XPath, CSS selectors, pattern matching, and JSONiq from the command line.
wget
Non-interactive network downloader. Covers single and batch downloads, recursive mirroring, authentication, resuming, rate limiting, and site archiving.
SSH Tunnels & Port Forwarding
Local, remote, and dynamic SSH tunnels — port forwarding, SOCKS proxies, jump hosts, ssh_config directives, agent forwarding, autossh persistence, post-quantum key exchange, and operational recipes.
requests
Make HTTP requests in Python with the requests library. Covers GET/POST, JSON, sessions, authentication, retries, and common pitfalls.
ps, ss & netstat
Inspect running processes (ps), list network connections and listening ports (ss / netstat). Covers output formats, filtering, process trees, and socket state analysis.
Networking Stack
How packets actually move: the OSI and TCP/IP layer models, the BSD socket API, TCP vs UDP, the three-way handshake, MTU/MSS, NAT and port translation, basic IP routing, and the full DNS resolution flow.
lsof & ss
Diagnose what's holding a port, which files a process has open, and the state of every TCP/UDP socket using lsof and the modern iproute2 ss utility.
ip
Modern replacement for ifconfig, route, and arp. Inspect and configure interfaces, addresses, routes, neighbour tables, and network namespaces with the iproute2 ip command.
httpx
Make sync and async HTTP requests with httpx. Covers GET/POST, async usage, HTTP/2, streaming, and how it compares to requests.
dig
Query DNS records of any type from any resolver — A, AAAA, MX, TXT, NS, SOA, SRV, CAA — with formatted output, reverse lookups, and full delegation tracing.
curl
Transfer data with URLs. Covers HTTP methods, headers, authentication, forms, TLS, cookies, proxies, timeouts, parallel downloads, and a comprehensive recipe collection.
aria2c Download Utility
Fast, multi-protocol download utility supporting HTTP(S), FTP, SFTP, BitTorrent, and Metalink with resumption and parallel connections.